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Strength Versus Stiffness

An explanation of the biggest difference between rigid and flexible pipe systems.

CONCRETE PIPE
(RIGID)

The strength of concrete pipe is designed by the engineer, built into the pipe at the plant and delivered on the truck ready to install.

90% of the structural strength required for a successful installation is provided by the concrete pipe.  Only 10% is dependent upon the soil backfill placed by the contractor.

Concrete pipe requires compacted bedding material only to the springline (halfway) of the pipe.

A wide variety of on-site bedding and backfill material is permissible for RCP (AASHTO spec #17 & 27).  No need to import expensive granular material.

Concrete pipe has different pipe strength (classes) for different diameters and applications.

Concrete compressive strengths are a minimum 4000 psi to as high as 6000+.  With tensile strength 65,000+ psi.

HDPE PLASTIC PIPE
(FLEXIBLE)

Low stiffness flexible plastic pipe has little, if any strength of it's own.  It relies solely on the imported granular backfill material that the contractor must place and compact fully around the pipe to carry the live and dead loads. (ASTM spec #2321 & AASHTO spec #30).

Plastic pipe offers only a one pipe stiffness per diameter approach to engineering.  Notice in the chart below that as pipe diameter increases, the pipe stiffness (strength) decreases.

Note 1: Sanitary sewer pipe requires a minimum pipe stiffness of 46 psi.
Note 2: Strength of any plastic pipe decreases with age.

HDPE PIPE STIFFNESS

Diameter Stiffness
12"
15"
18"
24"
30"
36"
42"
48"
54"
60"
50 psi
42 psi
40 psi
34 psi
28 psi
22 psi
19 psi
17 psi
16 psi
14 psi

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